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Want to protect yourself against cancer? Get vaccinated

scientificamerican.com7 points4 comments
Screenshot of Want to protect yourself against cancer? Get vaccinated

Researchers estimate that about one in eight cancers worldwide - roughly 2.3 million cases in 2024 - are attributable to infectious agents. Two pathogens, Helicobacter pylori and human papillomavirus (HPV), together account for more than 1.5 million of those cases; hepatitis B was linked to about 360,000 cancers and Epstein-Barr virus to about 260,000. The analysis updates prior work by adding newly recognized associations, such as links between Epstein-Barr virus and some stomach cancers and rarer lymphomas, and maps geographic differences in infection-linked cancer burden, with higher rates in regions like sub‑Saharan Africa tied in part to gaps in screening and prevention.

Many of these cancers are preventable with existing tools: vaccines, screening and treatment. HPV vaccination, introduced in 2006, prevents multiple cancers and has driven more than 50 percent reductions in cervical cancer in some U.S. states among the first vaccinated cohorts; hepatitis B vaccination and hepatitis C treatment lower liver‑cancer risk; antibiotics reduce cancer risk from H. pylori. Experts highlight that these are actionable, population‑level interventions and call for equitable vaccine delivery and expanded screening programs to substantially reduce the global cancer burden caused by infections.

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