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Using AI to reverse engineer hardware

blogs.gnome.org56 points55 comments
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Christian Schaller describes using Claude (an LLM) to automate much of the drudgery of reverse-engineering undocumentated hardware by building a reusable "hw-harness": run the vendor Windows driver in a VM with device passthrough, capture bus traffic from the Linux host with usbmon, repeat with a Linux driver, and diff traces so the AI can spot changing bytes, propose meanings, and generate tests and patches. That workflow produced working results: a SANE backend for the Plustek OpticFilm 8200i (Genesys GL128, USB 07b3:1825) with color/infrared modes, up to 7200 dpi and infrared dust removal; Negative Vibes, a Rust GNOME Flatpak app that preserves 16-bit linear/raw + IR, does density-space inversion, dye-crosstalk correction, roll/frame overrides, IT8 calibration and multiple export formats; and targeted fixes for a ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 14 MIPI camera (Sony IMX471 + Intel IPU7).

He gives concrete technical fixes and measurements: kernel fixes for crop-selection, test-pattern register width and analog gain cap; libcamera fixes for missing lens-shading correction and mis-scaled white-balance statistics. In a low-light test brightness rose from 31.1 to 90.9 and color ratios moved toward a webcam reference. Lessons: AI excels at parsing captures, proposing constants and tests, and eliminating tedium, but humans must run hardware verification and make design choices; the harness observes device behavior rather than copying driver code, and reference captures are crucial.

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