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Self-hosted infrastructure with Incus OS

dataswamp.org19 points1 comments
Screenshot of Self-hosted infrastructure with Incus OS

Solène rebuilt a personal self-hosting platform on a single laptop using Incus OS as an immutable foundation. The stack runs about twenty unprivileged Ubuntu system containers (one per service) managed as Incus instances, with applications packaged as podman containers described by quadlets. Everything is declared in git and provisioned by OpenTofu and cloud-init so instances are disposable: changes trigger destruction and recreation from a fresh image, while persistent data lives on dedicated Incus volumes. Services include Nextcloud, Forgejo (with a CI runner), Immich, PeerTube, Vaultwarden, a Prometheus/Grafana/Loki monitoring stack, and backups with restic. Incus OS provides secure boot, A/B updates, TPM disk encryption and no local shell or package manager; management happens via the Incus API.

Security is enforced by design: default-deny network ACLs declared in OpenTofu, a single filtered egress proxy and container registry mirrors, and two VMs for exposed or risky roles (haproxy DMZ with PROXY protocol and a CI runner). Public ingress flows through a haproxy VM with CrowdSec+nftables blocking, then caddy to terminate TLS; private services use a VPN-access caddy on Tailscale and a private CA issuing ACME certs. Secrets are encrypted with sops and age, keys are stored per-instance, and automated rebuilds eliminate configuration drift at the cost of brief downtime during redeploys.

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