Three years after the 7 October 2023 Hamas raids that killed 1,200 people, mostly civilians, and the subsequent Israeli offensive that killed 73,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians, Gaza is a landscape of ruin and chronic scarcity. Despite a ceasefire a year ago, Israeli airstrikes persist and the death toll has risen by a further 1,400 in the past year. Basic services have collapsed: water, nourishing food and medical supplies are in short supply, overcrowded displacement sites have allowed infectious disease to spread, and inadequate funding plus restrictions on critical imports are hampering relief efforts. Israeli authorities say more than 600 aid trucks enter daily, but political efforts to disarm Hamas, secure Israeli withdrawal and begin wide‑scale reconstruction have stalled.
First‑hand accounts describe families repeatedly displaced, living in tents, dependent on community kitchens and intermittent water deliveries, and clutching a few possessions - a schoolbag, plastic chairs, a house key - that conjure prewar life. People recount lost homes, killed or detained relatives, unemployment, malnutrition and constant fear; some revive small trades such as beauty and hair services to survive. Hamas has reconstituted a rudimentary administration offering patchy education, limited healthcare and often arbitrary policing. Many residents characterise their existence as neither war nor peace: trapped amid ruins, disease and economic collapse with no clear path to rebuilding.
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