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First personalised cancer vaccine cuts risk of disease returning in major trial

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A major clinical trial tested a personalised mRNA cancer vaccine, Intismeran, given alongside the immunotherapy Keytruda in 1,137 adults with melanoma after surgery. About two-thirds received the vaccine plus Keytruda and the rest a placebo with Keytruda. After two years the combination cut the risk of death or cancer returning by 42% and reduced the risk of the cancer spreading by 38% compared with immunotherapy alone. The vaccine is tailored to each patient by sequencing their tumour so the immune system is trained to recognise specific cancer markers; MSD (Merck) and Moderna developed the approach and say similar trials are under way in kidney, bladder and lung cancers. A patient example cited remains cancer-free three years after treatment.

Independent experts called the findings an important proof of principle but urged caution until longer follow‑up and peer review clarify whether the approach improves overall survival for most patients. Results are due to be presented at the ESMO conference and companies are in talks with regulators that could lead to filings next year. Wider use would face logistical and cost challenges because every vaccine must be manufactured from an individual’s tumour profile. Investor reaction was mixed: shares initially rose on the news then fell after analysts compared these results with an earlier, smaller study.

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