Researchers in Baghdad tested a way to keep silicon solar panels productive in extreme heat by combining evaporative cooling behind the panel with occasional water sprays across its front. A water-soaked cellulose pad cools the rear as a fan pulls air through it; sensors trigger front-side spraying when the panel reaches 42-45 °C. Runoff is collected and recirculated, and the sprays also wash dust from the surface. In tests conducted during Baghdad’s hottest, sunniest hours from July to September, the best setup - a 100-millimeter-thick pad - lowered panel temperature by 29.7 °C compared with an uncooled panel and raised electrical efficiency by about 20 percent. A 150-watt module produced an average of roughly 16.7 watts more.
The results are promising for hot, dry regions, where low humidity makes evaporation especially effective, but temperature reduction alone does not establish practical gains. In the single-panel prototype, the fan and pumps consumed more electricity than cooling immediately added to the panel’s output. Shared equipment in a large installation might reduce that overhead, and the cooled exhaust air could potentially help pre-cool building ventilation, though its measured temperature of about 34 °C would still need further cooling for comfort. Deployment would also depend on water supply, maintenance, dust and mineral buildup, nozzle reliability, and installation costs. The researchers are seeking partners to test the approach at commercial scale.
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